Discussion
The variety of materials available to solve system compatibility can be found in Table I. Some are specific to pH range tolerances, some coatings provide higher thermal stability and some are chemically tailored to provide specific solutions for critical streams.

Table I: COMMERICAL COATINGS AND COMPOSITIONS
| PTFE or PFA |
100% polytetrafluoroethylene or perfluoroalkoxy acetyl |
| a-Si |
Amorphous Silicon |
| a-Si-R; R tailored for surface compatibility |
Custom modified amorphous Silicon |
| Coating |
Composition |
In choosing a substrate enhancing coating, selection of material properties is important. Applications with a great deal of vibration result in poor performance for PTFE coatings, applications with high pH however, are best suited for PTFE. Temperature of process is important. In applications with a variety of physical challenges, coating selection is often determined from the most significant failure mode. Temperature is often a key driver in coating choice. Table II lists some important physical characteristics of coatings.
Table II: Properties of COATINGS
| Property |
a-Si |
a-Si-R |
PTFE/PFA |
| Maximum Temperature |
1000ºC |
450ºC |
260ºC |
| Minimum Temperature |
-196ºC |
-196ºC |
-240ºC |
| Low pH limit |
0 |
0 |
0 |
| High pH limit |
7 |
7 |
14 |
| Thickness |
2um |
2um |
25um |
| Adhesion |
Very good |
Very Good |
Poor |
| Diffusivity |
None |
None |
Some |
The final selection criterion in choosing flow-path coatings is the chemical compatibility of the coatings. Table III is a selection chart demonstrating many of the current sampling challenges facing process analyzer designers. In many of these applications, low-level detection and quick response to changes is required. Proper selection of coating will insure that systems perform accurately.
Table III: compatibility of coatings
| Application |
a-Si |
a-Si-R |
PTFE/PFA |
| Flare gas sampling (Rule 1118) |
|
X |
X |
| LPG |
|
X |
X |
| High pressure Natural Gas sampling |
|
X |
|
| Chloride containing |
X |
|
X |
| Nitric Acid containing |
X |
|
X |
| Stack Gas monitoring |
X |
X |
|
| Nitric and Sulfur oxide testing |
X |
|
X |
| Sulfurs in Gasoline & Diesel streams |
X |
X |
X |
| Mercury from coal fired power plants |
|
X |
|
| Automotive |
|
X |
|
| Exhaust |
|
|
|
| Moisture |
|
X |
X |
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